Refine your search
Collections
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Nayak, B.
- A Note on the Characters of Some Lower Gondwana Coals of West Siang District in the Arunachal Himalaya and their Trace Element Content
Abstract Views :223 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur - 831 007, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 33, GMS Road, Dehradun - 248 001, IN
1 National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur - 831 007, IN
2 Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, 33, GMS Road, Dehradun - 248 001, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 74, No 3 (2009), Pagination: 395-401Abstract
Lower Gondwana coal from Garu-Gensi area in the West Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh in the Eastern Himalayas have been characterized with respect to their maceral constituents, mineral matter, ash composition, sulphurand trace-element contents. These are low-rank bituminous coals (V0 = 0.64) and their vitrinite content is about 60%. A first hand data with respect to twenty one trace-elements are reported. Our data indicate that these Lower Gondwana coals of extra-peninsular region are richer in terms of their trace-element content when compared with their counter parts of peninsular India.Keywords
Lower Gondwana Coal, Trace Element, Eastern Himalaya, Arunachal Pradesh.References
- KOLKER, A. and CHOU, C-L. (1994) Cleat-filling calcite in Illinois basin coals: trace-element evidence for meteoritic fluid migration in a coal basin. Jour. Geol., v.102, pp. 111-116.
- KOLKER, A. and FINKELMAN, R.B. (1998) Potentially hazardous elements in coal: mode of occurrence and summary of concentration data for coal components. Coal Preparation, v.19, pp.133-157.
- MOHANTY, J.K., MISRA, S.K. and MOHAPATRA, B.K. (2006) Distribution of trace elements in coal-lithotypes from Talcher Coalfield, Orissa. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.68, pp.675-684.
- MOSKALYK, R.R. (2003) Gallium: the backbone of the electronics industry. Minerals Engg., v.16, pp.921-929.
- MOSKALYK, R.R. (2004) Review of germanium processing worldwide. Minerals Engg., v.17, pp.393-402.
- MUKHERJEE, K.N., DUTTA, N.R., CHANDRA, D., PANDALAI, H.S. and SINGH, M.P. (1988) A statistical approach to the study of the distribution of trace elements and their organic/inorganic affinity in Lower Gondwana coals of India. Int. Jour. Coal. Geol., v.10, pp.99-108.
- MUKHERJEE, K.N., DUTTA, N.R., CHANDRA, D. and SINGH, M.P. (1992) Geochemistry of trace elements of Tertiary coals of India. Int. Jour. Coal Geol., v.20, pp.99-113.
- MUKHERJEE, K.N., RAJA RAO, C.S., CHOWDHURY, A.N., PAL, J.C. and DAS, M. (1982) Trace element studies in the major Tertiary and Gondwana coalfields of India. Bull. Geol. Surv. India, Series A - Economic Geology, No.49, 115p.
- RAJA RAO, C.S. (Ed.) (1981) Coalfields of India, v.I: Coalfields of North Eastern India, Bulletin Series A, No.45, Geol. Surv. India, 76p.
- SINGH, S. (1993) Geology and tectonics of the eastern syntaxial bend, Arunachal Himalaya. Jour. Himalayan Geol., v.4 (2), pp.149-163.
- TRIPATHI, C. and Roy CHOWDHURY, J. (1981) Gondwanas of Arunachal Himalaya. Jour. Himalayan Geol., v.11, pp.73-90.
- Heavy Minerals and the Characters of Ilmenite in the Beach Placer Sands of Chavakkad-Ponnani, Kerala Coast, India
Abstract Views :208 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 CSIR National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur - 831 007, IN
1 CSIR National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur - 831 007, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 79, No 3 (2012), Pagination: 259-266Abstract
Indian beach placer sand deposits are, in general, ilmenite-rich. However, some concentrations are dominated by pyriboles. The Chavakkad-Ponnani (CP) area along the northern Kerala coast is one such deposit. This paper deals with the general character of the heavy minerals of CP with special emphasis on the characters of ilmenite. Most Indian beach sand ilmenites are of good quality. However, our observations on the ilmenites of CP using Optical Microscope, SEM and EPMA reveals that these are mineralogically very complex. The CP ilmenite varies from pure ilmenite to highly impure variety having intergrowths and inclusions of other oxide and silicate minerals. Ilmenite occurs as mix-crystals and forms intergrowth structure with hematite and Ti-hematite/ulvospinel; contains inclusions of hematite, quartz, and monazite. On the other hand ilmenite also occurs as inclusions within hematite and garnet. The pyriboles are dominantly amphiboles with hornblende-composition. Interestingly an inclusion of gold has been recorded within amphibole of hornblende composition. Garnets are mostly of almandine and pyrope type. Subordinate heavy minerals are sillimanite, zircon and rutile. Characteristic morphology, mineralogy and chemistry of amphibole, garnet and ilmenite together indicate that the placer sands of CP area are derived from the amphibolites, granite gneisses and basic igneous rocks lying in the hinterland towards the eastern border of Kerala. Though the overall quality of ilmenite is poor, highgrade ilmenite concentrate can be generated (of course with lower yield), by adopting precise mineral processing techniques. The CP deposit can be considered as a second-grade deposit but it has potential for future exploitation.Keywords
Heavy Minerals, Beach Placers, Chavakkad-Ponnani, Kerala.References
- ALI, M.A., KRISHNAN, S. and BANERJEE, D.C. (2001) Beach and inland heavy mineral sand investigations and deposits in India – an overview. Explor. Res. Atomic Minerals, v.13, pp. 1-21.
- BUDDINGTON, A.F. and Lindsley, D.H. (1964) Iron-titanium oxide minerals and synthetic equivalents. Jour. Petrol., v.5, pp.310-357.
- DEER, W.A., HOWIE, R.A. and ZUSSMAN, J. (1985) An introduction to the rock-forming minerals. ELBS, 528p.
- DWIVEDY, K.K. (1999) Indian ilmenite resources – an economic appraisal. Jour. Mines Metals and Fuels, March-1999, pp.77-79.
- HAGGERTY, S.E. (1976) Opaque mineral oxides in terrestrial igneous rocks. In: D. Rumble III (Ed.), Oxide Minerals. Min. Soc. America (Rev. Mineral.), v.3, pp.101-300.
- HAGGERTY, S.E. (1991a) Oxide textures—a mini-atlas. In: D.H. Lindsley (Ed.), Oxide minerals: petrologic and magnetic significance. Rev. Mineral., v.25, Mineral. Soc. Amer., Washington, pp.129-137.
- HAGGERTY, S.E. (1991b) Oxide mineralogy of the upper mantle. In: D.H. Lindsley (Ed.), Oxide minerals: petrologic and magnetic significance. Rev. Mineral., v.25, Mineral. Soc. Amer., Washington, pp.355-416.
- KRISHNAN, S., VISWANATHAN, G. and BALACHANDRAN, K. (2001) Heavy mineral sand deposits of Kerala. Explor. Res. Atomic Minerals, v.13, pp.111-146.
- LATTARD, D., SAUERZAPF, U. and KÄSEMANN, M. (2005) New calibration data for the Fe–Ti oxide thermo-oxybarometers from experiments in the Fe–Ti–O system at 1 bar, 1000– 1300°C and a large range of oxygen fugacities. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., v.149, pp.735-754.
- LINDSLEY, D.H. (1991) Experimental studies of oxide minerals. In: D.H. Lindsley (Ed.), Oxide minerals: petrologic and magnetic significance. Rev. Mineral., v.25, Mineral. Soc. Amer., Washington, pp.69-100.
- NAYAK, B. (2011) Gold in the beach placer sands of ChavakkadPonnani, Kerala coast, India. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.78, pp.345-348.
- NAYAK, B.R. and MOHAPATRA, B.K. (1998) Two morphologies of pyrophanite in Mn-rich assemblages, Gangpur Group, India. Mineral. Mag., v.62, pp.847-856.
- RAMA RAO, B.V. (1981) Annual report for the field season 198081. Unpublished AMD Report.
- RAMDOHR, P. (1926) Beobachtungen an Magnetit, Ilmenit, Eisenglanz und Überlegungen über das system FeO-Fe2 O3- TiO2. Neues Jb. Beil.-Bd. v.54, pp.320-379.
- RAMDOHR, P. (1956a) Die Beziehungen von Fe-Ti-Erzen aus magmatischen Gesteinen. Bull. Comm. Geol. Finlande. v.173, pp.1-18.
- RAMDOHR, P. (1969) The ore minerals and their intergrowths. Pergamon, 961p.
- SUNDARARAJAN, M., BKAT, K.H., JANAKI, M.E.K., BABU, N. and MOHANDAS, P.N. (2005) Mineralogy and distribution of heavy minerals of west coast with special reference to Kerala. In: V.J. Loveson, N. Chandrasekar and A. Sinha (Eds.), Proc. Nat. Sem. on “Development Planning of Coastal Placer Minerals (PLACER-2005) © Allied Publishers, New Delhi, pp.140-149.
- TAYLOR, R.W. (1964) Phase equilibria in the system FeO-Fe2 O3- TiO2 at 1300 °C. American Mineral., v.49, pp.1016-1030.